Phil Callahan
American entomologist and researcher Philip S. Callahan popularized ideas concerning paramagnetism, rocks and agriculture.
PCSM
The name PCSM is associated with the Phil Callahan Soil Meter, an instrument designed to compare the paramagnetic response of samples. Historical instruments in this lineage were assembled by Bob Pike.
Paramagnetic basalt
Some basalt rocks have measurable paramagnetic properties. Claims that they directly improve plant growth through specific energetic mechanisms remain hypotheses and are not scientific consensus.
Measure first, interpret carefully
A rigorous approach distinguishes physical measurement, agronomic observation and more speculative interpretation.
Explore this subject further
This page is a concise introduction from the Electroculture France portal. The corresponding specialist BSA website contains more detailed content, documents or products.
See BSA content about paramagnetism